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High Temperatures during the Grain-Filling Period Do Not Reduce the Potential Grain Dry Matter Increase of Rice

^a Faculty of Life and Environ. Sci., Shimane Univ., 1060 Nisikawatu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
^b Satake Co. 2-30 Saijo Nishihon-machi, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8602, Japan

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Mean daily temperatures after full heading date under ambient and high-temperature (H) treatment conditions at Matsue in 1999 and 2000 and under ambient temperature at Akana (1999) and Takatuki (2001).

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Dry matter of the whole plant (parts above ground), grain, and straw per hill during the grain-filling period for normal-density (filled circles and solid lines) and thinned (open circles and dotted lines) plants. Plots are given for ambient and high-temperature (H) conditions at Matsue (1999 and 2000) and for ambient temperature conditions at Akana (1999) and Takatuki (2001). Data are the mean ± standard error of three replicates. Horizontal line in the straw plots indicates the straw dry weight at the full heading date.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Spikelet filling percentages (F%) for normal-density (filled circles and solid lines) and thinned (open circles and dotted lines) plants during the grain-filling period under ambient and high-temperature (H) conditions at Matsue (1999 and 2000) and under ambient temperature conditions at Akana (1999) and Takatuki (2001). See Eq. [1] in the text for F%. Data are the mean ± standard error of three replicates. Horizontal line indicates 90% of F%, which was attained by most of the thinned plants.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Spikelet filling percentages (F%) in the normal-density and the thinned plants vs. accumulated temperature (AT) after the full heading date. Data are for ambient and high-temperature (H) conditions at Matsue (1999 and 2000) and for ambient conditions at Akana (1999) and Takatuki (2001). For the normal-density plants, respective factors and coefficients for the fitted curves of the form F% = a/[1 + b exp(–cAT)] are a = 80, b = 80, c = 0.01, and r2 = 0.999 (Matsue 1999); 70, 75, 0.02, and 0.988 (Matsue H 1999); 80, 80, 0.02, and 0.996 (Akana 1999); 90, 75, 0.02, and 0.999 (Matsue 2000); 85, 80, 0.02, and 0.998 (Matsue H 2000); and 72, 70, 0.02, and 0.993 (Takatuki 2001).

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Calculated potential grain dry matter increase rate (PGIR) after the full heading date and observed dry matter increase rate of the whole plant (DRW, solid line; DRW = 46.99 exp(–0.08D), r2 = 0.965 for Matsue in 1999 where D is the number of days after the full heading date] (upper graph), DRW – PGIR (middle), and cumulative DRW – PGIR (lower), when the mean temperature of each day increases by 2°C (T + 2) and 4°C (T + 4) or decreases by 3°C (T – 3) from the observed temperature (T + 0).