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Legumes

Cultivar Type, Plant Population, and Ascochyta Blight in Chickpea

^a Agric. and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current Research Centre, SK, S9H 3X2, Canada
^b Agric. and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
^c Dep. of Plant Sci., Univ. of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada

^* Corresponding author (gan{at}agr.gc.ca)

Integrated management strategies are required to minimize ascochyta blight, a fungal disease caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labrousse [teleomorph, Didymella rabiei (Kovachevski) v. Arx] in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). This study determined the effect of cultivars varying in plant architecture and plant population density (PPD) on the severity of ascochyta blight. Four desi chickpea (with pinnate leaves) and four kabuli chickpea (two with pinnate leaves and two with unifoliate leaves) were grown at 25, 36, 44, 53, and 62 plants m^–2 (actual counts 3 wk after initial seedling emergence) at Swift Current from 2002 to 2005 and at Saskatoon in 2004 and 2005. Site-years had a significant effect on ascochyta blight epidemics, with the highest severity at Swift Current in 2005 and lowest at Saskatoon in 2004. Across site-years, ascochyta blight was most severe on ‘Evans’, followed by ‘CDC Xena’, and lowest on ‘222B-11’. Cultivars with pinnate leaves had lower blight severity than those with unifoliate leaves during all growth stages. At the late-pod stage, severity in cultivars with pinnate leaves averaged 15% compared with 48% in unifoliate cultivars. Kabuli cultivars had higher severity than desi cultivars throughout the growing season, and at the late-pod stage, severity was 13% for the desi and 33% for the kabuli. There was a significant interaction between cultivar and PPD for blight severity. Ascochyta blight increased as PPD increased for the majority of the cultivars tested, with a few exceptions. Site-year accounted for the largest portion of the treatment variance in blight severity (69%), followed by cultivar type (25%), and then PPD (6%). Increasing PPD consistently increased seed yield per unit area, despite more disease on plants at higher PPD. Identifying optimum plant populations for groups of cultivars with similar plant architecture should be a component in an integrated strategy to minimize ascochyta blight in chickpea.

Abbreviations: PPD, plant population density