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Soybean Seed Coat Discoloration in Cool-Season Climates

Agric. and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Res. Ctr., Central Exp. Farm, Bldg. 75, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A0C6

^* Corresponding author (morrisonmj{at}em.agr.ca).

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed with yellow seed coal and hilum is preferred in Norlh America for the export market. Seed coats may darken or discolor when exposed to chilling temperalures during seed development. We examined the effects of chilling temperatures on seed coat discoloration of yellow hilum, isogenic lines of ‘Maple Presto’ soybean (Maturity Group 000) differing in pubescence color (I, r, T, tawny; I, r, t, gray). The isogenic lines were grown in the field for five seasons and once in lhe growth cabinet (25/20°C day/night). We quantified seed coat discoloration using an image analyzer. When exposed to cool temperatures during seed development, the seed coal darkened. In the extreme case, lhe seed coat from the tawny line looked gray-brown. The tawny line discolored more than the gray line, both in the field and the growth cabinet. Seed coat discoloration increased wilh the accumulation of daily minimum temperature 115°C during seed development. In years with cool temperatures during seed development, seed coats may discolor, reducing the quality of the seed's appearance.

Received for publication November 1, 1997.