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Published online 1 September 1995
Published in Agron J 87:884-887 (1995)
© 1995 American Society of Agronomy
677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA
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Implications of Nitrogen Management Strategies for Nitrate Leaching Potential: Roles of Nitrogen Source and Fertilizer Recommendation System

Robert P. Durieux*

Plant and Soil Science Dep., Univ. of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405

Hugh J. Brown

Dep. of Natural Resources, Ball State Univ., Univ., Muncie, IN 47306.

E. J. Stewart, J. Q. Zhao, William E. Jokela and Frederick R. Magdoff

Plant and Soil Science Dep., Univ. of Vermont, Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405

* Corresponding author.

Using the soil-based pre-sidedress nitrate test (PSNT) rather than the yield-goal-based cropping and manure history (CMH) to recommend N for corn (Zea mays L.) frequently results in less N applied. Our objectives were (i) to determine if this reduction in application snbstantially reduces the potential for N leaching and (ii) to compare dairy manure and commercial fertilizer as N sources, both within PSNT-based systems. The 4-yr field study included (i) a control (no manure or N fertilizer), and three N fertilizer rates based on (ii) PSNT, no manure added (PSNT–M); (iii) cropping and manure history (CMH), no manure added; and (iv) dairy manure application with additional sidedress N if recommended by the PSNT (PSNT+M). The PSNT–M treatment received 112 kg N ha–1 in 1990 and 123 kg N ha–1 in subsequent years, while the CMH treatment received 168 kg N ha–1 in all 4 yr. Corn yield, N uptake (defined as net aboveground N accumulation), spring and fall soil NO-3 levels, and overwinter NO3-N losses were measured. Silage yields of PSNT+M generally were greatest (average of 16.5 Mg ha–1), followed by PSNT–M and CMH treatments, which were similar (14.8 Mg ha–1). The CMH system resulted in the highest soil NO3-N levels (to 120 cm) at harvest and greatest overwinter net profile NO3-N loss (average 66 kg ha–1). The results indicate (i) a reduced residual N after harvest and therefore reduced potential for N leaching when using the PSNT for N recommendations and (ii) similar or higher yields using manure compared with commercial fertilizer.

Received for publication October 14, 1994.


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