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Residue Removal Method and Herbicides for Tall Fescue Seed Production: I. Weed Control

USDA-ARS, Natl. Forage Seed Prod. Res. Ctr., 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331-7102
Dep. of Crop and Soil Sci., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 97331
Linn County Ext. Office, P.O. Box 765, Albany, OR 97321

^* Corresponding author (Email: muellerg@ucs.orst.edu).

Pacific Northwest grass seed production is in transition from reliance on open-field burning to new systems integrating chemical weed control with mechanical removal of crop residues. Field tests were initiated in 1989 to ascertain if these systems can meet seed trade expectations for genetic purity while maintaining normal seed yields. Fourteen herbicide treatment sequences plus an untreated check were evaluated under five residue removal methods at two sites during two consecutive growing seasons. Residue removal included two methods of burning and three nonburn systems varying in thoroughness of removal. Acceptable control (>90% reduction in ground cover) of volunteer seedling tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), the most abundant weed in all tests, was achieved by nearly all herbicide treatments at one site. At the other site, however, thorough residue removal or aggressive herbicide treatments were required to achieve this same degree of control. Over sites and years, acceptable control without use of herbicides was achieved in one case out of four for the most thorough mechanical residue removal system (vacuum-sweep, VS) and twice by open-field burning (FB). Preemergence (PRE) application of pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyi)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] provided acceptable control following VS, FB, and propane flaming (PP). Oxyfluorfen [2-chloro-l-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene] applied postemergence (POST) at 0.28 kg a.i. ha^–1 plus di uron [N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea] at 2.7 kg a.i. ha^–1 controlled weeds in all residue removal methods at one site, and for VS, FB, and PP at the other site. Applied in sequence after each of four PRE herbicides, POST application of 0.14 kg ha^–1 oxytluorfen plus 1.8 kg ha^–1 diuron controlled volunteer seedling tall fescue better than POST application of 2.7 kg ha^–1 diuron without oxyltuorfen. With properly chosen herbicide treatments, seed trade standards for tall fescue can be met without field burning.

Received for publication June 3, 1994.

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