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Tillage and Rotation Effects on Corn Yield Response to Fertilizer Nitrogen on Aqualf Soils

Dep. of Agronomy, 144 Mumford Hall, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
Ext. Agric. and Natural Resources, 119 Umberger Hall, Kansas State Univ., Univ., Manhattan, KS 6650
Tropical Soils Management CRSP, Box 7113, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695
Dep. of Soil Science, 1525 Observatory Dr., Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 5370
Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Georgia, Athens GA 30602

^* Corresponding author.

Fertilizer N recommendations are often increased for no-till corn (Zea mays L.) relative to conventionally tilled corn. A comparison of relative yield responses to fertilizer N is lacking for continuous corn and corn following soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] when grown with conventional and no-tillage systems on poorly drained claypan soils. Field studies spanning 5 site-years were conducted on somewhat poorly (Udollic Ochraqualf) and poorly (Mollic AIbaqualf) drained claypan soils in central and northeast Missouri. The experimental design was a split-split plot, where whole plots were tillage system (chisel-disk and no-till) and subplots were rotation (continuous corn and corn following soybean). Subsubplots were N rates of 0, 67, 135, 202, and 269 kg ha^–1, applied preplant as either anhydrous NH₃ (82-0-0 N-P-K) or knife-injected urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution (32-0-0). Corn grain yield response to fertilizer N was described by quadratic and quadraticplateau models that had similar R² values. With continuous corn, both models predicted no-till to require 14 to 17 kg ha^–1 (5–7%) less fertilizer N for maximum yield and profit than the chisel-disk system. The predicted maximum no-till grain yield was 0.34 Mg ha^–1 less than the chisel-disk system. No-till corn following soybean required an average additional 17 kg N ha^–1 (8%) for maximum yield (quadratic model) and 45 kg N ha^–1 (35%) for maximum profit (quadratic-plateau) than the chisel-disk system. The average maximum yield for no-till corn following soybean was 0.20 Mg ha^–1 less than the chisel-disk system. Apparent N credit for corn following soybean varied from 0 to 159 kg ha^–1. With the quadratic model, the average N credit was 54 kg ha^–1 for the chisel-disk system and 24 kg ha^–1 for no-till. Decreased no-till corn yields that required equal or greater fertilizer N indicate at least a short-term economic disadvantage for this tillage system on these poorly drained soils.

Received for publication February 17, 1994.

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