| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Dep. of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agric. Sci., Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE 19717-1303
* Corresponding author (Email: jtsims{at}strauss.udel.edu).
Improved N management programs for fertilizers and manures are needed in the Atlantic Coastal Plain because of concerns about agriculture's role in groundwater contamination with nitrate-N. We conducted a 3-yr study (1990–1992) at 56 locations in Delaware to evaluate the use of soil and plant N tests as components of a manure-based N management program for maize. In Phase 1 (15 sites), a factorial design was used; main plots were either poultry manure (PM, at 4.5 Mg ha–1) applied at planting or starter fertilizer (SF, at 30 kg N ha–1) and split plots were six rates of sidedress N. Phase 2 was conducted on 41 farms and evaluated the response of maize to sidedress N (0 to 268 kg N ha–1). The pre-sidedress soil nitrate test (PSNT) and two quicktests (the Nitrachek and Cardy meters) were used to identify N-sufficient sites in both phases. In Phase 1, we also evaluated the effect of time and depth of PSNT sampling and two plant N tests: the leaf chlorophyll meter (LCM; 1992 only) and the late-season stalk nitrate test. Maize response to sidedress N was rare at manured sites, and the ratio of total N added as manure and/or fertilizer to maize yield was consistently lower than the commonly used value of 17.8 kg N Mg–1 maize (1.0 pound N bushel–1 maize). Average ratios for manured and nonmanured sites in Phase 1 were 13.0 and 13.2 kg N Mg–1 maize. The PSNT effectively identified N-sufficient or N-deficient sites 
70% of the time. Delaying sampling, deeper sampling, or using NH4-N + NO3-N instead of NO3-N alone did not significantly improve predictive accuracy of the PSNT. The stalk nitrate test was found to be effective at identifying sites that were nonresponsive to sidedress N; our critical range was 0.7 to 2.0 g NO3-N kg–1. The LCM results were encouraging and suggest that further research should be conducted on its use as an alternative to the PSNT. The Nitrachek meter was better correlated with laboratory measurements of soil NO3-N (r2 = 0.87***) than the Cardy meter (r2 = 0.60***) and should be an effective means to identify N-sufficient sites under field conditions.
Received for publication April 19, 1994.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  P. A. Barbieri, H. E. Echeverria, and H. R. Sainz Rozas Presidedress Soil Nitrogen Test for No-Tillage Maize at Different Row Spacing Agron. J., June 23, 2008; 100(4): 1101 - 1105. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. R. Munoz, K. A. Kelling, K. E. Rylant, and J. Zhu Field Evaluation of Nitrogen Availability from Fresh and Composted Manure J. Environ. Qual., May 1, 2008; 37(3): 944 - 955. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. T. Spargo and M. M. Alley Modification of the Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test to Improve Measurement Precision and Increase Sample Throughput Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., May 1, 2008; 72(3): 823 - 829. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. C. Scharf, S. M. Brouder, and R. G. Hoeft Chlorophyll Meter Readings Can Predict Nitrogen Need and Yield Response of Corn in the North-Central USA Agron. J., May 3, 2006; 98(3): 655 - 665. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. S. Mangiafico and K. Guillard Anion Exchange Membrane Soil Nitrate Predicts Turfgrass Color and Yield Crop Sci., February 1, 2006; 46(2): 569 - 577. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. T. Rashid and R. P. Voroney Nitrogen Fertilizer Recommendations for Corn Grown on Soils Amended with Oily Food Waste J. Environ. Qual., October 12, 2005; 34(6): 2045 - 2051. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Collins and D. W. Allinson Soil Nitrate Concentrations Used to Predict Nitrogen Sufficiency in Relation to Yield in Perennial Grasslands Agron. J., September 1, 2004; 96(5): 1272 - 1281. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. B. Jaynes, D. L. Dinnes, D. W. Meek, D. L. Karlen, C. A. Cambardella, and T. S. Colvin Using the Late Spring Nitrate Test to Reduce Nitrate Loss within a Watershed J. Environ. Qual., March 1, 2004; 33(2): 669 - 677. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Bilbao, J. J. Martinez, and A. Delgado Evaluation of Soil Nitrate as a Predictor of Nitrogen Requirement for Sugar Beet Grown in a Mediterranean Climate Agron. J., January 1, 2004; 96(1): 18 - 25. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. Hansen, A. M. Blackmer, A. P. Mallarino, and M. A. Wuebker Performance-Based Evaluations of Guidelines for Nitrogen Fertilizer Application after Animal Manure Agron. J., January 1, 2004; 96(1): 34 - 41. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. T. MacKown and J. C. Weik Comparison of Laboratory and Quick-Test Methods for Forage Nitrate Crop Sci., January 1, 2004; 44(1): 218 - 226. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. S. Balkcom, A. M. Blackmer, D. J. Hansen, T. F. Morris, and A. P. Mallarino Testing Soils and Cornstalks to Evaluate Nitrogen Management on the Watershed Scale J. Environ. Qual., May 1, 2003; 32(3): 1015 - 1024. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. W. Andraski and L. G. Bundy Using the Presidedress Soil Nitrate Test and Organic Nitrogen Crediting to Improve Corn Nitrogen Recommendations Agron. J., November 1, 2002; 94(6): 1411 - 1418. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. C. Scharf and J. A. Lory Calibrating Corn Color from Aerial Photographs to Predict Sidedress Nitrogen Need Agron. J., May 1, 2002; 94(3): 397 - 404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. R. Raun, J. B. Solie, G. V. Johnson, M. L. Stone, E. V. Lukina, W. E. Thomason, and J. S. Schepers In-Season Prediction of Potential Grain Yield in Winter Wheat Using Canopy Reflectance Agron. J., January 1, 2001; 93(1): 131 - 138. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. S. Rozas, H. E. Echeverría, G. A. Studdert, and G. Domínguez Evaluation of the Presidedress Soil Nitrogen Test for No-Tillage Maize Fertilized at Planting Agron. J., November 1, 2000; 92(6): 1176 - 1183. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. T. MacKown, S. J. Crafts-Brandner, and T. G. Sutton Relationships among Soil Nitrate, Leaf Nitrate, and Leaf Yield of Burley Tobacco: Effects of Nitrogen Management Agron. J., July 1, 1999; 91(4): 613 - 621. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| The SCI Journals | Crop Science | Vadose Zone Journal | |||
| Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education |
Soil Science Society of America Journal | ||||
| Journal of Plant Registrations | Journal of Environmental Quality |
The Plant Genome | |||
