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Dep. of Plant Science, U-67, Univ. of Connecticut, 1376 Storrs Rd., Storrs, CT 06269-4067
* Corresponding author.
Excessive application of N-containing fertilizers may result in high concentrations of soil nitrate. Soil nitrate levels can be reduced with cropping systems that best utilize N. Split-plot design experiments were conducted in Connecticut from 1987 through 1990 on a Paxton fine sandy loam soil (coarse-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Dystrochrept) to determine the effectiveness of various cropping systems in utilizing N. Orchardgrass (Dactytis glomerata L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), a doublecrop system of oat (Avena sativa L.) followed by the forage brassica tyfon [Brassica rapa L. x B. pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr.], and maize (Zea mays L.) followed by a cover crop of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) received preplant N at 0, 112, 224, 336, and 448 kg ha–1. Cropping systems were tested three times for two consecutive growing seasons, with N applied only in the first season. Dry matter yield (DMY), N uptake (NUP), apparent N recovery (NREC), and N use efficiency (NUE) were determined. Maize-rye produced the greatest DMY (18.3 to 22.8 Mg ha–1), followed by oat-tyfon (9.8 to 16.5 Mg ha–1). Highest NUP (121 to 329 kg N ha–1) and NREC (46.5 to 81.7%) were obtained by oat-tyfon. The greatest NUE was produced by maize-rye and oat-tyfon at 112 kg N ha–1. The oat-tyfon double crop provides the most effective means for preventing N loss among the systems evaluated for N rates > 112 kg ha–1.
Received for publication March 8, 1994.
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