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Published online 1 November 1994
Published in Agron J 86:1026-1032 (1994)
© 1994 American Society of Agronomy
677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA
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Winter Wheat Yield and Grain Protein across Varied Landscape Positions

Timothy E. Fiez, Baird C. Miller* and William L. Pan

Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6420

* Corresponding author (Email: millerbc{at}wsuvml.csc.wsu.edu).

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield varies greatly among landscape positions in the Palouse region of eastern Washington, yet N fertilizer is typically applied uniformly. Varying N fertilizer rates within fields to match site-specific N requirements can increase fertilizer use efficiency; however, spatially variable N management programs are limited by their ability to predict site-specific yield potentials and the resultant N requirements. The objective of this study was to ascertain the role of yield components and soil properties in determining soft white winter wheat grain yield and protein when N application rates are varied among landscape positions. Nitrogen fertilizer (0 to 140 kg N ha–1) was fall-applied on footslope, south-backslope, shoulder, and north-backslope landscape positions at each of two farms in 1989 and in 1990. Grain yield among landscapes varied by up to 55% in 1990 and by up to .33% in 1991. Landscape position grain yields increased by 199 kg ha–1/(cm precipitation + soil water reduction) (r2 = 0.51) and by 706 kg ha–1 per 100 spikes m-2 (r2 = 0.76). Grain protein concentration among landscapes increased by 2.7 g kg–1 per each increase of 10 kg residual soil NO3–N ha–1 (r2 ~ = 0.82). The large differences in grain yield among landscape positions may justify spatially variable N application. Improved N management should favorably reduce soft white winter wheat protein concentrations by minimizing high residual N levels as well as improve net returns and reduce environmental degradation. The basis for this improved N management may be site-specific yield estimates calculated from soil water availability and spike density.

WSU Crop and Soil Sciences Dep. Paper no. 9301-37.

Received for publication August 12, 1993.


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