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Growth of Relay Intercropped Soybean

Dep. of Agronomy and Soils, Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC 29634-0359

C. E. Hood

Dep. of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC 29634-0357

S. A. Hull

Dep. of Agronomy and Soils, Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC 29634-0359

^* Corresponding author.

Relay intercropping of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] allows for earlier soybean planting than in conventional doublecropping systems, but shading and other influences of the wheat crop may be detrimental to intercropped soybean development. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of relay intercropping on soybean growth and yield. Intercropped soybean, planted 19 (1989) or 14 (1990) days before wheat harvest, was compared with a control treatment (same no-till planting pattern and date, but no wheat) on a Cecil sandy loam (clayey, kaolinic, thermic Typic Hapludults) soil. Intercropping had a greater influence on soybean growth in 1989, when there was more shading by the wheat canopy and also when the period between soybean planting and wheat harvest was longer, than in 1990. In both years, the greatest effects of intercropping on growth occurred early in the season, when intercropped plants were taller but had smaller stem diameters, less leaf area, and less aboveground dry weight, as compared with control plants. Photosynthetic rates of upper canopy leaves were reduced by intercropping for 2 wk after wheat harvest in 1990. This was associated with an increase in specific leaf area in intercropped plants. Lateseason growth, including that of reproductive parts, was similar for intercropped and control treatments, and there were no detectable effects of intercropping on final yield components or yield in either year. In environments where the period of overlap between the wheat and soybean crops is relatively short, negative effects of relay intercropping on early soybean growth may not result in yield reductions.

Received for publication October 4, 1991.

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