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Growth Form and Yield Responses of Four Cotton Cultivars to Ozone

Statewide Air Pollution Res. Center, Univ. of California, Riverside, CA 92521

^* Corresponding author.

Cultivars of crop plants can differ widely in their susceptibilities to yield losses induced by the air pollutant ozone (O₃), but relatively little is known of the physiological mechanisms that account for these differences. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars differ in degree of determinance, which may affect cultivar responses to O₃ through effects on rates of maturation of the cultivars. Four cultivars of cotton grown in the field on a Hanford coarse sandy loam (coarseloamy, mixed, nonacid, Thermic Xerorthents) were exposed to three levels of O₃ in open-top chambers to determine their relative susceptibility to O₃, and to relate differences in susceptibility to morphological and physiological characteristics of the cultivars. Susceptibility to O₃,-induced yield losses in these cultivars was directly correlated with degree of determinance so that cultivar rank in order of both increasing determinance and susceptibility to O₃ was: SJ-2 < C1 < GC510 < SS2086. Differences among the cultivars in susceptibility to O₃, were not associated with differences in rates of stomatal conductance. Instead, determinate cultivars appeared to be more susceptible to O₃ because periods of peak flowering and boll set coincided with periods of high O₃ concentration. Also, indeterminate cultivars appeared to have greater flexibility in altering branching patterns in response to O₃,-induced leaf abscission than did determinate lines. Since most high-yielding, shortseason cotton cultivars have a determinate growth habit, these results suggest that production from short-season cotton cultivars may be limited by the prevalence of O₃ air pollution in many cottongrowing regions of the USA.

Received for publication January 11, 1990.

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