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Early Growth and Dinitrogen Fixation by Arrowleaf Clover in Response to Starter Nitrogen

Southern Plains Area, Conserv. & Prod. Res. Lab., USDA, P.O. Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012
Soil and Crop Sci. Dep., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX 77843

^* Corresponding author.

Seedling vigor of arrowleaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum L. Savi) is poor but it may be enhanced by application of starter mineral N. Three experiments were conducted using a growth chamber and a glasshouse to determine the influence of starter mineral N and strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii on dry matter production and N₂ fixation of arrowleaf clover. In one experiment, seeds were planted in a N-deficient medium, inoculated with two strains of rhizobia and provided with five levels of mineral N. The lowest level of mineral N doubled seedling dry weights and the amount of biologically fixed N in 40-d-old seedlings. Rhizobial strain interacted with mineral N in influencing dry matter production and N₂ fixation. To further examine the influence of rhizobial strain, five additional strains varying in effectiveness were evaluated in a second experiment. Mineral N provided to plants inoculated with any strain increased dry matter production and N₂ fixation. To aid in extrapolating the response of arrowleaf clover seedlings to mineral N, seed were sown into undisturbed soil cores from four fields. The cores were fertilized with the equivalent of 0, 31, and 62 kg N ha^–1. Fertilization with 31 kg of N did not reduce N₂ fixation by plants grown on cores of soil collected from three fields and dry matter production was nearly doubled on cores from two fields. Providing some mineral N to arrowleaf clover seedlings greatly enhanced seedling vigor.

Received for publication December 1, 1989.

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