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No-till Winter Wheat Production on the Canadian Prairies: Placement of Urea and Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizers

Crop Develop. Ctr., Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sasktachewan, S7N 0W0, Canada

^* Corresponding author.

A practical snow management system, which utilizes no-till seeding into standing stubble immediately after harvest of the previous crop has permitted the expansion of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in western Canada. In the present study nine field trials were conducted on several Saskatchewan soil types (Aridic, Typic, Vertic, and Udic Haploborolls) from 1982 to 1986. The objectives were to compare stubbled-in winter wheat grain yield (CY), grain protein yield (GPY), and protein concentration (PC) responses to urea and ammonium nitrate (AN) fertilizer banded and broadcast at seeding, or broadcast in the late fall or early spring. A prolonged dry period following spring broadcast of urea and AN delayed the availability of added N in one trial, which resulted in negligible GY response, limited GPY response, and large PC response to spring N applications. Reduced yield responses, which were probably due to N losses through denitrification, were also observed for both urea and AN broadcast in the late fall in one trial. Reduced CY and GPY responses for urea compared with AN in three trials indicated that, under some conditions, volatilization losses of greater than 50% can be experienced with broadcast urea. Fall banding prior to seeding was effective in reducing losses with urea, but this method of application presents other problems in the stubbling-in production system and, in these trials, fall banding did not outperform AN broadcast at the same time.

Received for publication June 6, 1988.

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