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Transpiration and Soil Water Usage by Oat as Affected by Postemergence Herbicides

American Cyanamid Co., Princeton, NJ 08540

D. L. Linscott^*

USDA-ARS, Dep. of Agronomy, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY 14853-0144

^* Corresponding author.

Changes in transpiration of plants as influenced by herbicides may or may not significantly affect soil water uptake in the field. We compared effects of the relatively new herbicides fluazifop [(±)-butyl-2-(4-{[5-(trifuoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy}phenoxy)propanoate], haloxyfop [methyl-2-(4-{[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy}phenoxy)propanoate], and sethoxydim {2-[l-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-2[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-l-one} applied at various rates to oat (Avena sativa L.) at the 5- to 6-cm stage on transpiration, soil water use, and plant development. In controlled environments, transpiration rates in oat declined about 6 d after herbicide treatment. Time for and the degree of transpiration reduction were herbicide and herbicide-rate dependent, as were the reductions in plant weight and leaf number. First reductions in soil moisture under laboratory conditions were found 10 d after treatment of oat with fluazifop and haloxyfop and 12 d after treatment with sethoxydim. Similarly, in the field fluazifop treatment required 9 d and haloxyfop and sethoxydim 11 d before significant differences in soil moisture occurred. The correlation coefficient of soil matric potential and dry weight of oat in the field was –0.89 and –0.90, respectively, for 2 yr, 1984 and 1985. Reduction of oat dry matter and soil water use in the field was also herbicide rate dependent.

Received for publication October 19, 1987.