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Seasonal and Soil Fertility Effects on the Response of Waterlogged Cotton to Foliar-Applied Nitrogen Fertilizer

New South Wales Dep. of Agric., Agric. Res. Stn., Narrabri, N.S.W., Australia 2390
Dep. of Agronomy and Soil Sci., Univ. of New England, Armidale, N.S.W., Australia 2351

^* Corresponding author.

The majority of irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) soils in Australia are poorly drained, and the short-term waterlogging associated with extended furrow irrigation reduces cotton yield, partly by reducing the uptake of N. Foliar application of N before irrigation can overcome a transient shortage, but yield responses have been variable. Seasonal and soil N fertility effects on the response of waterlogged cotton to foliar-applied N fertilizer were studied over three seasons at Narrabri, N.S.W., Australia. A cracking grey clay soil (Typic Pellustert) was waterlogged by furrow irrigations lasting 4 to 32 h. Climatic and soil fertilizer conditions included a cool, moist season with optimal soil fertilizer N, a hot, arid season with high soil fertilizer N; and a hot, arid season with a wide range of soil fertilizer N. Foliar N was applied at 0, 5, 10, and 20 kg ha^–1 in the first season, 0, 15, 30, and 60 kg ha^–1 in the second season, and 0, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha^–1 in the third season. Increased waterlogging reduced N uptake and lint yield. Nevertheless, there was no response to foliar N in the cool, moist season because factors other than N limited growth and yield whether or not N was supplied to the foliage. Lack of response to foliar N in the hot, arid season with high soil N fertility was attributed to high uptake of N (163 kg N ha^–1) by untreated shoots, which compensated for reduced uptake by the roots during waterlogging. A three-factor interaction in the third season confirmed that more cotton yield was recovered by applying foliar N under more severe waterlogging when soil N levels were not high. At N rates of 120 and 180 kg ha^–1, shoots recovered more soil-applied N than foliar-applied N. Recoveries were similar at 60 kg N ha^–1. The results confirmed that foliar N can ameliorate the effects of waterlogging in cotton, defined some of the conditions under which responses to foliar N occur, and explained some of the variability in response to foliar N found under commercial conditions.

Key Words: Gossypium hirsutum L. • Nitrogen uptake • Nitrogen recovery • Urea • Vertisol • Pellustert • Soil aeration • Furrow irrigation • Foliar nitrogen

Received for publication May 7, 1987.

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