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Corn-Hybrid Performance under Conventional and No-Tillage Systems after Thinning¹

Corn (Zea mays L.) producers question the relative performance: of hybrids under different previous-crop residue management systems. The objective of this study was to assess tillage system x corn hybrid interactions for hybrids commonly grown in the northern United States. Field experiments were conducted at four locations in Wisconsin during 1984 and 1985, including sites with Plano and Nickin silt loam (Typic Argiudoll) and Meridian loam (Mollic Hapludalf) soils. Fifteen hybrids with a range of maturities (90–115 days based on the Minnesota Relative Maturity System) were compared under conventional (moldboard plowing and disking)(CT) and no-till (NT) systems, in a corn-following-corn sequence. Stands were thinned after emergence. No-till resulted in cooler soil temperatures (0.8–3.8°C cooler), lower emergence percentage (7–12% lower), delayed vegetative growth [4.4 (NT) vs. 7.9 (CT) g plant^–1], later silking (2–5 days later), and increased grain moisture (10–20 g kg^–1) compared to CT. For grain yield, differences occurred for all main effects (locations, years, tillage systems, and hybrids), and most interactions were significant. Yields under NT were 92% (cool spring, 1984) and 96% (warm spring, 1985) of CT yields. On silt-loam soils, NT yields were 92 to 95% of CT yields, but tillage systems had similar yields on the loam soil. Superior-yielding hybrids under CT were also good choices with NT, although delayed growth under NT limited the yield potential of later-maturing (100–115 days) hybrids.

Key Words: Conservation tillage • Zea mays L. • Grain moisture • Grain yield • Relative maturity

² Assistant professor, Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706;and assistant professor, Dep. of Plant and Earth Sciences, Univ. of Wisconsin-River Falls.

Received for publication June 25, 1986.

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