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Published online 1 May 1985
Published in Agron J 77:446-455 (1985)
© 1985 American Society of Agronomy
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Predicting Corn Planting Dates for Moldboard and No-till Tillage Systems in the Corn Belt1

S. C. Gupta2

Surface crop residues under conservation tillage systems slow warming of the seed zone and thus delay corn (Zea mays L.) planting. The purpose of this study was to develop a model that predicts corn planting dates for the Corn Belt states under two extreme tillage surface residue conditions. The simulation procedure involves integration of soil temperature predictions with the seed zone growing degree day concept for corn emergence. Predicted time to corn emergence was tested against the measured values from nine locations in Ohio, Iowa, and Minnesota. These data sets covered several planting dates, a total of eight corn hybrids and two tillage systems (in Ohio only). Except for a few cases, predicted time to corn emergence was within 4 days of the measured values. This model was further extended to develop probabilities of time required to achieve 75% corn emergence for various planting dates using the historical climatic record (12 to 17 years) of daily maximum and minimum air temperatures. Assuming that 75% corn emergence should be achieved in 14 days or less, earliest corn planting dates were selected from the probability graphs corresponding to three spring weather conditions. Using the predicted earliest corn planting dates for 44 locations in the Corn Belt states, two sets of maps delineating areas with similar corn planting dates were developed. These maps cover two soil moisture conditions under moldboard and no-till tillage systems. Based on planting date maps procedures are also suggested to (i) forecast earliest corn planting date from a 30- or a 90-day outlook of precipitation and air temperature by the National Weather Service and (ii) match corn hybrid maturity with tillage system and spring climate.

Key Words: Crop model • Emergence • Surface residues • Corn hybrids

1 Contribution from the Soil and Water Management Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA-ARS, St. Paul, MN, in cooperation wth the Minnesota Agric. Exp. Stn., Univ. of Minnesota, Paper no. 14018, Science Journal Series.

2 Soil scientist, USDA-ARS, and associate professor, Dep. of Soil Science, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108.

Received for publication June 26, 1984.




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The SCI Journals Crop Science Vadose Zone Journal
Journal of Natural Resources
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Environmental Quality		 The Plant Genome
Copyright © 1985 by the American Society of Agronomy.