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Nitrogen Source Effect on Nitrate and Ammonium Leaching and Runoff Losses from Greens¹

The use of sandy rooting media with rapid infiltration rates in the construction of golf greens provides the potential for N pollution of nearby water supplies. This study was designed to measure the effects of different N sources on NO^–₃ and NH⁺₄ concentrations in leachate and runoff from golf greens constructed with various rooting media.

Individual golf greens with USGA-type profiles were constructed in the field with upper 30 cm layers consisting of sand-peat, sandsoil-peat and sandy loam soil mixtures. All profiles were equipped with subsurface tile drains over a plastic sheet and were treated sequentially with the following N fertilizers: NH₄NO₄, ureaformaldehyde, 12-12-12, Milorganite, and IBDU. Leachate and runoff were collected and analyzed for NO^–₃ and NH⁺₄. Nitrate concentrations in leachate from sand, mixed, and soil greens fertilized with quick release materials ranged from 45 to 326, 8 to 314 and 8 to 170 mg liter^–1, respectively and remained in this range for a 3-week period. Runoff concentrations from the greens constructed of sandy loam soil exceeded 30 mg liter^–1. No runoff was collected from sand or mixed greens.

Nitrate N losses from various sources were in the order of NH₄NO₃ > 12-12-12 > Milorganite > Isobutylenediurea (IBDU) > Ureaformaldehyde. lsobutylenediurea provided a very uniform release rate. Milorganite had a 25 to 30 day delay before NO^–₃ appeared in the leachate. Soluble sources, NH₄NO₃, and 12-12-12 exhibited leaching within 5 days after application. It appears that regular moderate applications of slow release N sources would provide minimum NO^–₃ loss while supplying a continuous N supply.

Ammonium losses ranked from greatest to smallest were NH₄NO₃ > Ureaformaldehyde > Milorganite > 12-12-12 > IBDU. Ammonium losses contributed very little to the total N losses from golf greens. Highest total N loss was 23% of the applied N.

Key Words: Athletic turf • Pollution • Ammonium nitrate • Ureaformaldehyde • IBDU • Milorganite

² Professor, research associate and extension turfgrass specialist, reapectively, in the Soil and Crop Sciences Dep., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX 77843.

Received for publication August 7, 1981.

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