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Soybean Germplasm and Cultivar Aluminum Tolerance in Nutrient Solution and Bladen Clay Loam Soil¹

High Al in acid subsoils of the Southeastern States often restricts root growth and moisture utilization. Liming subsoil is difficult and expensive. An alternative or substantial approach is to select or breed plant genotypes having greater tolerance to Al. The differential Al tolerances of soybean [ Glycine max(L.) Merr.] representing Maturity Groups V, VI, and VII were determined in a growth chamber using nutrient solutions containing 0 and 8 ppm Al. Screening was also done on acid (4.2) and limed (5.8) in Bladen soil (Typic Albaquult) in the greenhouse. Aluminum sensitive ‘Chief’ and Al-tolerant ‘Perry’ were included as standard checks.

Soybean plants injured by 8 ppm Al in nutrient solution were characterized by narrow leaf blades, leaf chlorosis, reduced plant height, stunted, blackish root tips. In unlimed soil the relative root dry weight seemed a better index of differential Al tolerance among cultivars than top dry weight. Roots of the cv. Perry yielded 20% more dry weight than Chief in unlimed soil. Liming the soil to pH 5.8, increased the yields of sensitive cv. Chief by 40% compared to the unlimed soil. On the unlimed soil, plant symptoms such as cupping and chlorosis of young leaves were observed. The most tolerant and sensitive lines tested were; PI 81042 (V), PI 159322 (VI), Missoy (VII), and PI 88490 (V), PI 85010 Pocahontas, respectively.

Key Words: Glycine max L. • Root dry weight • Top dry weight • Lime • pH • Al levels

² Professor, research associate, and professor, Dep. of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Alabama A&M Univ. Normal, AL 35762.

Received for publication June 2, 1980.

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