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Placement of Nitrogen Fertilizers for No-Till and Conventional Till Corn¹

High rates of N loss have been observed from N fertilizers applied directly on the surface in no-till corn (Zea mays L.) production systems. Field experiments were conducted at four locations over a threeyear period to determine what effects N source and N placement had on N losses in both no-till and conventional till corn production systems. Soils used were: Stoy loam, an Aquic Hapludalf; Clermont silt loam, a Typic Ochraqualf; Avonberg silt loam, an Aeric Fragiaqualf; Chalmers silty clay loam, a Typic Argiaquoll; and Lyles fine sandy loam, a Typic Haplaquoll. Nitrogen sources used were anhydrous ammonia (NH₃), urea-ammonium nitrate solutions (UAN), solid urea and solid ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃). Placement variables used were injection of NH₃ and UAN 20 cm helow the soil surface and broadcasting UAN, urea and NH₄NO₃ on the soil surface with no incorporation. Nitrogen rates used were 0 and 165 kg N/ha

Injecting NH, or UAN below the surface resulted in consistently higher corn grain yields than applying UAN, NH₄NO₃ or urea directly on the soil-residue surface. Percent N in leaf and grain also reflected an increase in N use efficiency with subsurface N placement. Percent N in leaf was significantly higher where NH₃ or UAN were injected as compared to UAN or urea surface applied.

Key Words: Urea • Urea-Ammonium nitrate solution • Anhydrous ammonia • Ammonium nitrate • Leaf N concentration • Grain N concentration

² Assistant professor of xgronomy, professor of Agronomy, and professor of Botany and Plant Pathology respectively.

Received for publication June 15, 1981.

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