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Corn Yield as Influenced by In-season Application of Nitrogen with Limited Irrigation¹

With limited irrigation of corn (Zea mays L.) on medium or fine textured soils, the initial application of water (and thus of N being water applied) would perhaps be no earlier than when corn is at the 12 or 14-leaf growth stage. This experiment was established to evaluate the effects of delaying N application until the 14-leaf or silk emergence growth stages on yield of corn on a medium-textured soil.

The study soil is a coarse-silty, mixed, mesic, Fluventic Hapludoll near Manhattan, Kansas. Ten treatments (combinations of N application time and rate, each replicated three times in a completely randomized design) were applied in each of 3 years. Nitrogen was broadcast applied (preplant) and applied with irrigation water (at the 14-leaf stage and/or at early silking).

Grain N content increased as N fertilizer rates increased and as N application time was delayed. No corn grain or dry matter yield advantage was found for split applications or for in-season applications of N over preplant application. Corn receiving 101 kg N/ha at the 14-leaf stage produced 94% of the grain obtained when 101 kg N/ha was applied preplant. Corn receiving 101 kg N/ha at silk emergence produced 71% of the grain obtained when the same N rate was applied preplant. Our findings indicate that with limited irrigation of corn on medium to fine-textured soils, all N should be applied preplant rather than in-season with irrigation.

Key Words: Zea mays L. • Grain nitrogen content • Nitrate leaching • Fertilizer nitrogen recovery • Seasonal water use

² Former graduate research assistant, research soil physicist, and former soil fertility research scientist, Dep. of Agronomy, Evapotranspiration Laboratory, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS 66506. Mr. Anderson is now instructor, Farm Crops Management Dep., Ricks College, Rexburg, ID 83440. Dr. Murphy is now great plains director, Potash-Phosphate Institute, P. 0. Box 692, 200 Research Drive, Manhattan, KS 66502.

Received for publication February 20, 1981.

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