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Table Beet Responses to Residual and Band-applied Phosphorus and Potassium¹

Many soils used for vegetable production have been heavily fertilized and, therefore, have accumulated large amounts of available P and medium amounts of available K. Fertilizer P and K applications should be adjusted to obtain the optimum plant response to residual soil P and K. Table beet plants (Beta vulgaris L.) were grown in a Honeoye fine sandy loam soil (Glossoboric Hapludalf, fine, loamy, mixed mesic) with 3 to 162 kg residual available soil P and 84 to 908 kg residual available soil K kg/ha (0 to 25 cm depth), as measured in an ammonium acetate-acetic acid extraction solution buffered at pH 4.8. A factorial combination of banded P as concentrated superphosphate (CSP) at 0 and 70 kg P/ha, and banded K as potassium chloride (KCl) and potassium sulfate (K₂SO₄) at 0 and 140 kg K/ha were randomized in each of the residual soil P and K levels.

Both residual soil P and K, and banded fertilizer P and K increased the root yields. Positive yield responses to soil P and K were greater than to banded P and K.

There was no difference in yield between banded applications of KCl or K₂SO₄. The two fertilizer sources of K fertilizer changed the concentrations of some of the elements, especially Cl, S, and Mn, in leaf blades.

Soil P and banded P, especially with low soil K and without banded K, increased the concentration of P in the leaf blades, while soil K and banded K decreased the concentration of P in the leaf blades. Soil K and banded K increased the concentration of K in leaf blades while soil P and banded P decreased the concentration of K in the leaf blades. The concentration of K in leaf blades at midseason, especially in plants grown with banded P, was a good predictor of yield of roots at harvest.

Key Words: Beta vulgaris L. • Concentrated superphosphate • Potassium chloride • Potassium sulfate • Soil tests

² Professor and research support specialist, respectively, Dep. of Seed and Vegetable Sciences, New York State Agric. Exp. Stn., Geneva NY 14456.

Received for publication August 18, 1980.