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Aluminum Tolerance of Triticale and Wheat Cultivars Developed in Different Regions¹

The differential tolerance of crop varieties to high Al is often related to the amounts of labile Al in the soils in which the plants were developed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the Al tolerances of triticale (X Triticosecale, Wittmack) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) developed in different regions. Twenty-seven triticale and 37 wheat cultivars were tested in growth chambers and under greenhouse conditions for Al tolerance in 1/5-strength Steinberg solution containing 0 or 6 ppm Al, highly Al-toxic Bladen soil ((Typic Albaquult), and mildly Al-toxic Dothan soil (Typic Paleudult). The Bladen soil had a pH of 4.6 and KCl-extractable Al of 3.75 me.e/100 g. The corresponding values for the Dothan soil were 4.5 and 1.45, respectively. Each cultivar was also grown in soils limed to pH 5.8. The relative root lengths (A1/no A1) of two triticale and six wheat checks in the nutrient solutions were correlated to their relative top growth (unlimed/limed) in the Bladen soil but not in the Dothan soil. When grown in nutrient solutions, Al tolerance of the triticales followed the order Canada and Mexico > California > Alabama > Oregon while in the Bladen soil Alabama triticales had higher Al tolerance than Canadian triticales. On the average, Brazilian wheats had higher A1 tolerance than U.S. wheats. Wheat varieties from Indiana and the Plains States were more sensitive to A1 than those developed in the Eastern States. There were large differences in the A1 tolerances of triticale cultivars from each region probably reflecting differences in the A1 tolerances of the parent species. More work should be conducted with triticales from stable and non-segregating lines.

Key Words: X Triticosecale • Wittmack • Triticum aestivum L. • Al-toxic soil • Nutrient solution • Bladen soil • Dothan soil

² Professors, research associate, and graduate research assistant, respectively, Alabama A&M Univ., Normal, AL 35762.

Received for publication February 4, 1980.