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Soil and Management Factors Correlated With Soybean Yields in Southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain¹

A field survey of 220 soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) plots was conducted over a 2-year period on mineral soils in 12 major soybean producing countries in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina. The objectives of this investigation were to study the effects of certain soil and management factors in soybean production and to develop statistical models for explaining variations in soybean grain yields.

Multiple regression and correlation statistical techniques were used to analyze the data. Many factors were highly intercorrelated reflecting the very complex nature of the crop-soil system. No one factor was found to explain a large proportion of the variation in soybean production but multiple regression models were developed for both years which accounted for 71 to 86% of the variation in yield. Extractable Ca and Al saturation, which reflected past liming practices, were soil chemical properties correlated with grain yield. Physical properties related to available water were also correlated with yield. Management factors such as trips across the field before planting, planting date, crop preceding soybeans, and number of years since liming also influenced soybean yields. Multiple regression analysis indicated that soil pH and number of trips across the field were two important factors affecting yield each year.

Key Words: Regression models • Liming • pH • Available water • Compaction

² Former graduate assistant, now associate extension agent, North Carolina Agric. Ext. Serv., professor of soil science, and professor of statistics, respectively.

Received for publication March 24, 1980.