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Mineral Content of South Dakota Bread Wheats: Extent and Nature¹

An investigation of ash levels in South Dakota bread wheats was conducted to determine range of ash content normally encountered over the state and within a few years‘ time, and nature of cation constituents in ash which vary, and possible causes of ash variation. "High ash" wheats have experienced price discrimination at terminal markets for various reasons.

Ash content was determined by electric furnace ignition and major base constituents by atomic absorption and flame emission techniques.

Ash surveys using seed certification samples, extension fertilizer demonstration trials, and county variety trials showed maximal variations of 16% and 37% ascribable to variety and location effects, respectively. Wheat produced in variety x fertilizer x plant density experiments at 3 locations in 1969 and one in 1970, showed major ash differences to be due to variety, with lesser effects to N fertilizer and no consistent effects of plant density. The order of cationic abundance found was K > Mg > Na > Ca, with Na and Ca very minor, aggregating <0.10%. Additions of 67 and 134 kg N/ha significantly depressed total ash at two locations in 1969, but increased ash at one location in 1970. N additions significantly increased Mg content of ashes in both years of the experiment.

In a group of 51 wheat samples from a reclamation experiment on a salt-affected soil association, no relationship could be observed between wheat content of Mg and K and exchangeable or total extractable soil content of the same.

Key Words: Wheat ash • Wheat quality

² Professor of Plant Science (Soils).

Received for publication March 3, 1972.