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Effect of Cropping Systems and Nitrogen Levels on Corn (Zea mays) Yields in the Southern Piedmont Region¹

A field experiment was conducted on Cecil sandy loam over a 7-year period to determine the effect of cropping systems and nitrogen levels on corn (Zea mays L.) yields. Green manure crops and perennial grass or legume sods increased corn yields regardless of the level of N fertilization. Removal of corn stalks did not decrease corn yields when corn was grown continuously with or without annual green manure crops. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) were equally effective in sod-based rotations for corn. Coastal bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) was slightly less effective in sod-based rotations because it competed with corn during the growing season. The beneficial effect of sod on corn yields lasted for at least 4 years after the sod was turned.

Key Words: Green manure • Perennial sods • Residue management • Sod longevity • Corn-rainfall relationship • Biological soil properties • Chemical soil properties • Physical soil properties

² Research Soil Scientist, USDA, Watkinsville, Ga. 30677 (deceased June 26, 1970); Professor, Department of Agronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga. 30601; and Agricultural Research Technician, USDA, Watkinsville, Ga., respectively.

Received for publication March 14, 1970.

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