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Evaluating Sands for Athletic Turf¹

Compacted sands have the advantage over soils because they do not change their structure when exposed to the impact of frequent foot traffic. This is the reason that sand can be valuable as a growth medium for althletic turf.

To evaluate sands for this purpose a number of indices have been developed for quantative assessment of their properties. These are mid-particle diameter, gradation index, specific pore diameter, pore size index, and large pore index. These indices are based on determinations of mechanical composition, water desorption relationships, evaporation, and percolation rates. Knowledge of these parameters makes it possible to estimate the amounts of air and water in a sand at any elevation above a water table. Well graded fine to medium sand, lying on an impervious layer, serves best for this purpose. By adjusting the water level and the use of fertilizer, good growth of grass on such sands was obtained.

Key Words: Gradation index • Pore space • Desorption curve • Moisture tension

² Formerly graduate research assistant and Soil Scientist, Agronomy Department, Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind. 47907.

Received for publication September 6, 1969.

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