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Photosynthetic Rate of Three Soybean Communities as Related to Carbon Dioxide Levels and Solar Radiation¹

The apparent photosynthesis (AP) rate of three varieties of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) (‘Wayne,’ ‘Harosoy,’ and a nearly isogenic ‘Harosoy’ line with narrow leaflets) with different leaf and canopy characteristics was measured with a closed canopy system in the field for 23 days between mid-July and mid-August 1967 at Urbana, III. Solar radiation was measured with an Eppley pyrheliometer whenever AP measurements were made. The closed canopy system also provided an estimate of the transpiration rate.

Increasing the CO₂ concentration from 300 to 600 ppm resulted in an average increase, across varieties, of 72% in the mean daily AP rate. Mean daily AP rate of Harosoy normal dropped 87% as the CO₂ level decreased from 300 to 100 ppm. Increasing the CO₂ concentration from 300 to 600 ppm resulted in a decrease in transpiration for all three varieties.

When AP rates at 300 ppm were expressed on a ground area basis, Wayne fixed 6.3% more CO₂ than Harosoy narrow leaf. However, when AP was expressed on a leaf area basis, Harosoy narrow leaf fixed 45% more CO₂ than Wayne and Harosoy normal fixed 13% more than Wayne.

At 300 ppm CO₂ none of the varieties reached light saturation at radiation intensities commonly encountered in the field. The average efficiency of the three varieties at 300 ppm CO₂ was 2.16%. Under the conditions encountered in this study, apparently both the supply of CO₂ to the reaction site in the leaf and the radiant energy available to fix CO₂ were limiting AP.

Key Words: Glycine max (L). Merrill • Transpiration • Canopy structure • Leaf area

² Former Graduate Research Assistant (now Assistant Professor of Agronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky. 40506), Professor of Agronomy and Research Soil Scientist, USDA and Professor of Soil Physics, respectively.

Received for publication October 31, 1969.

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