Agronomy Journal Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education
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Published online 1 May 1970
Published in Agron J 62:341-346 (1970)
© 1970 American Society of Agronomy
677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA
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Toxicity of Preplant Anhydrous Ammonia to Germination and Early Growth of Corn: I. Field Studies1

G. W. Colliver and L. F. Welch2

Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of preplant anhydrous ammonia on germination and early growth of corn (Zea mays L.). Corn was planted directly over and parallel to NH3 bands applied at different rates, depths, and times before planting. Injurious effects on corn observed with certain NH3 treatments were: reduced stand, stunted early growth, restricted seedling root development, and increased occurrence of P-deficiency symptoms. These effects were generally most severe for NH3 applied 10 cm deep immediately before planting at 5 cm deep. Increasing the time interval to 1 or 2 weeks between application and planting generally reduced the toxic effects. Increasing the depth of application was more effective in reducing injury than was increasing the time interval between application and planting. Injury was largely prevented when application depth was 25 cm, for all times and rates of application. Injury generally increased as rate of NH3 application increased. Soil (NH3 + NH4+)-N concentration near seeds in excess of approximately 1,000 ppm resulted in significant stand reductions.

Key Words: Ammonia Rate • Ammonia Placement • Nitrification

1 Contribution from the Department of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana, III. 61801. Taken in part from a dissertation submitted by the senior author in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the doctoral degree at the University of Illinois.

2 Formerly Graduate Fellow (now Biometrician, Geigy Agricultural Chemicals, Ardsley, New York 10502) and Professor of Soil Fertility.

Received for publication October 3, 1969.




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Copyright © 1970 by the American Society of Agronomy.