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Influence of Submerged Soil Temperature Regimes on Growth, Yield, and Nutrient Composition of Rice Plant¹

Rice plants of a Taiwanese indica variety, ‘Taichnng (Native) 1,’ were grown in a clay loam soil for 6 weeks front seeding under normal conditions of a greenhouse and then transferred to controlled temperature water baths where cyclic soil temperatures were maintained till harvest. Water level was maintained at a depth of 5 to 7 cm above the soil surface. The temperature cycles as characterised by their maxima and minima were 22/10, 27/I5, 32/20, 37/25 and 42C/30C. The experiment was first conducted during winter months and repeated during summer months except that 22C/10C cycle was not included.

Soil temperature greatly influenced vegetative and reproductive growth of the plant. Nearly similar effects of different soil temperature regimes were observed during winter and summer although the difference of about 11 or 12C in aerial temperatures existed. Highest grain yield was obtained at 32C/20C which resulted from larger number of tillers, panicles, and spikelets, lower spikelet sterility and greater hundred grain weight than at lower and higher temperatures. A dose correspondence was observed between root and shoot growth. Greater uptake of nutrients was associated with larger root system. There was a tendency for grain to be higher and straw to be lower in N, P and K concentration at 32C/20C than at lower and higher temperatures. NPK content of the grain was significantly correlated with grain yield.

The direct effects of soil and water temperature on shoot growth were also probable since tiller and panicle primordia develop at the basal portion of the stems which remained submerged under soil-water.

Key Words: Soil temperature cycle • Tiller development • Growth duration • Spikelet sterility • Root growth • Nutrient uptake

² Research Scholar and Assistant Professor of Soil Science, LLT. Kharagpur (now Assistant Soil Physicist. Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana), and Professor of Soil Science, U.P.A.U. Paut Nagar (India), respectively.

Received for publication October 4, 1969.