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Manganese Toxicity of Soybeans as Related to Soil and Fertility Treatments¹

An abnormal leaf characteristic of soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], described as crinkle leaf, was associated with high levels of water-soluble soil and leaf manganese (Mn). Symptoms appeared on soybeans in a pot experiment using Hiwassee loam soil but were not evident on plants growing in Tifton loamy sand. An application of MnSO₄, induced symptoms in soybeans on Tifton soil, and lime alleviated symptoms on Hiwassee soil. Symptoms included severe crinkling, interveinal chlorosis, necrotic spotting of leaves, and malformation of pods which resulted in more single seeded pods. Heavy rates of commercial fertilizer on a State loam soil in a field experiment caused similar leaf symptoms on soybeans. Symptoms in the field were associated with increased soil acidity, increased water-soluble soil Mn, and high leaf Mn. Chicken manure applied at rates equivalent to commercial fertilizer N-P-K content slightly decreased soil acidity and produced normal plants. In the field, symptoms occurred at the pod-fill stage during a period of high soil moisture. Yields were not affected by the toxic condition.

Key Words: Chicken manure • Fertilizer • Lime • Soil pH • Soil manganese • Leaf manganese

² Assistant Agronomist, Mountain Station, Blairsville, Associate Agronomist, Georgia Station, Experiment; and Agronomists, College Station, Athens, respectively.

Received for publication September 9, 1969.

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